At the end of 2015 Allegra launched a virtual survey among junior and senior anthropologists in order to select the 30 essential books in anthropology, a list of unmissable readings that have significantly influenced humanities and social sciences debates as well as popular knowledge and Western thought more broadly.
Now a new debate has picked up around the list in the social media. Our Allies are sharing tips for books that should be included in the list via our Twitter account.
The list is also awakening justified criticism: it is very white and male, and barely incorporates any works after the post modern turn including works by indigenous anthropologists, inter-sectionalism and feminist critiques. How could that happen, at Allegra, with our determined criticism both of the ethnocentrism of our field as well as its male dominance?!
It is evident that with this list we are onto a much broader debate of the state of our discipline, of the kind of works – authored by whom – that we consider relevant. This is a debate that we simply must continue! To get things going we have added reader suggestions to the end of this list. Which ones do you think should be added?
Below are the results of our original survey/game in 2015. ENJOY!
- Geertz, C., 1973, The Interpretation of Cultures. Basic Books.
- Lévi-Strauss, C., 1955, Tristes tropiques. Librairie Plon.
- Malinowski, B., 1922, Argonauts of the Western Pacific. E.P. Dutton.
- Mauss, M., 1950[1923-24], Essai sur le don. Forme et raison de l’échange dans les sociétés archaïques. Presses Universitaires de France.
- Appadurai, A., 1996, Modernity at Large: Cultural Dimensions of Globalization. University of Minnesota Press.
- Boas, F., 1911, The Mind of Primitive Man. MacMillan.
- Tylor, E.B., 1871, Primitive Culture. John Murray.
- Mead, M., 1928, Coming of Age in Samoa. William Morrow and Co.
- Evans-Pritchard, E.E., 1937, Witchcraft, Oracles and Magic among the Azande. Oxford University Press.
- Douglas, M., 1966, Purity and Danger. Routledge & Kegan Paul.
- Strathern, M., 1988, The Gender of the Gift: Problems with Women and Problems with Society in Melanesia. University of California Press.
- Lévi-Strauss, C., 1947, Les Structures élémentaires de la parenté. Mouton.
- Morgan, L.H., 1877, Ancient Society. MacMillan.
- Das, V., 2006, Life and Words. Violence and the Descent into the Ordinary. University of California Press.
- Abu-Lughod, L., 1986, Veiled Sentiments. Honor and Poetry in a Bedouin Society. University of California Press.
- Barth, F., ed., 1969, Ethnic Groups and Boundaries. The Social Organization of Culture Difference. Waveland Press.
- Benedict, R., 1934, Patterns of Culture. Houghton Mifflin.
- Bateson, G., 1936, Naven. A Survey of the Problems Suggested by a Composite Picture of the Culture of a New Guinea Tribe Drawn from Three Points of View. Stanford University Press.
- Favret-Saada, J., 1977, Les mots, la mort, les sorts: la sorcellerie dans le bocage. Gallimard.
- Wolf, E.R., 1982, Europe and the People without History. University of California Press.
- Shostak, M., 1981, Nisa: The Life and Words of a !Kung Woman. Harvard University Press.
- Girard, R., 1972, La violence et le sacré. Grasset.
- Clifford, J., Marcus, G.E., eds., 1986, Writing Culture: The Poetics and Politics of Ethnography. University of California Press.
- Dumont, L., 1966, Homo Hierarchicus. Essai sur le système des castes. Gallimard.
- Scheper-Hughes, N., 1992, Death without Weeping. The Violence of Everyday Life in Brazil. University of California Press.
- Sahlins, M., 1972, Stone Age Economics. Aldine de Gruyter.
- Bloch, M.E.F., 1998, How We Think They Think: Anthropological Approaches to Cognition, Memory, and Literacy. Westview Press.
- Nader, L., 1990, Harmony Ideology. Justice and Control in a Zapotec Mountain Village. Stanford University Press.
- Tambiah, S.J., 1990, Magic, Science, Religion and the Scope of Rationality. Cambridge University Press.
- Gluckman, M., 1955, The Judicial Process among the Barotse of Northern Rhodesia (Zambia). Manchester University Press.
We reviewed reader comments and criticisms in our Top 30 Revisited Post, and compiled all reader suggestions into a 70 book list.
Readers suggestions via Allegra’s Twitter (March 2017)
*Anna Tsing, 2005, Friction: An Ethnography of Global Connection, Princeton University Press.
*Annelise Riles, 2001, Network Inside Out, Ann Arbor.
*Kathleen Stewart, 1996, A Space on the Side of the Road: Cultural Poetics in an “Other” America. Princeton University Press.
*Nancy D. Munn, 1992, The Fame of Gawa: A Symbolic Study of Value Transformation in a Massim Society. Duke University Press.
*Erik Muggler, 2001, Age of Wild Ghosts. University of California Press.
*Edward Said, 1979, Orientalism, Vintage Books.
*Roy Wagner, 1975, The invention of culture. University of Chicago Press.
*Esther Newton, 1979, Mother Camp: Female Impersonators in America, University of Chicago Press.
*Kath Weston, 1997, Families We Choose: Lesbians, Gays, Kinship, Columbia University Press.
*Michelle Zimbalist Rosaldo & Louise Lamphere (Eds), 1974, Woman, Culture, and Society, Stanford University Press.
*Ernesto de Martino, 2005, The Land of Remorse: A Study of Southern Italian Tarantism, Free Association Books.
La Pensée Sauvage de Lévi-Strauss should be part of that list.
Your epistemological bias is showing 🙂 There are all great but I think you are missing Marvin Harris’ “Cows, Pigs, Wars and Witches: The Riddles of Culture”.
I can think of a couple of Rosaldos who should be on here.
So much of the myth of the four field approach. Not one title on Biological Anthropology, Archaeology or Linguistics. Hardly a balanced concept of what is “essential” to anthropology.
Not so much of a ‘myth’ as a regional definition. Sure, the title would be more accurate with the word ‘cultural’ in front of anthropology, but really, why complain?
Roy Wagner’s The Invention of Culture as well as Jeanne Fravret-Saada’s The Anti-Witch are also essentials. Anthropology didn’t stop in the 20th century but we keep going back to so-called classics instead of opening our eyes to contemporary research.
The missing authors that deserve to be included are: Peter Gow, Philippe Descola, Anne Christine Taylor, Eduardo Viveiros de Castro, Alfred Gell, Pascal Boyer, Tim Ingold. That’s my opinion.
Ohhh no no no gotta have the game-changers/provocotives that are missing, such as:
Taussig, Devil & Commodity Fetishism in South America
Mintz, Sweetness & Power
Behar & Gordon, Women Writing Culture (needed to counteract Writing Culture)
Escobar, Encountering Development
Ferguson, The Anti Politics Machine
Powdermaker, Stranger & Friend
Rosaldo, Culture & Truth
also I would have cried all the time in the field if I had not read these:
Bohannan, Return to Laughter
Briggs, Never in Anger (…*especially* this one!)
oh wait….also:
Lutz & Collins, Reading National Geographic
Sharp list.
Oh, why don’t you include Michel Foucault’s Naissance de la Clinique?
An U. S. point of view for a list of what is essencial. Nothing new under the sun.
Edmund Leach, Political Systems of Highland Burma.
can’t agree more!
Benedict Anderson, Imagined Communities: Reflections on the Origin and Spread of Nationalism / Rémi Savard, Canada, derrière l’épopée, les autochtones
Mary Douglas. Purity and Danger.
Pierre Bourdieu. Theory of Practice.
Philippe Descola. Beyond Nature and Culture.
Victor Turner. The Ritual Process. Structure and Antistructure.
Lots of books missing from the list, including jean Briggs, Sharon Hutchinson, tristes tropiques, many others. If I had to choose one of my own books I’d choose pilgrims of love: the anthropology of a global Sufi cult. But I like most of the initial list.
One thing that might be worth thinking about is the difference between ‘essential’ and ‘influential’.
Ruth Benedict’s the chrysanthemum and the sword (flawed as it is) is one of a few ethnographies that is more influential in the place it wrote about (Japan) than perhaps it is in the discipline today.
Fei Xiaotong’s From the Soil is a key text that started much of what we recognize as anthropology in China today.
Although it may not be ‘essential’ reading for anthropology in general
There were a lot of anthropology books that influenced wider fields from the 1980s onwards too
Lila Abu-lughod ‘veiled sentiments’
Aihwa Ong’s ‘Flexible Citizenship’ was hugely influential in migration studies
Anna Tsing’s ‘Friction’ globalization theory
James Scott ‘Seeing like a state’ and ‘Weapons of the Weak’ political science
Judith Farquhar Knowing Practice medical anthropology and sociology
Janet Carsten ‘After Kinship’ a variety of medical fields and queers studies
Your are missing one essential books in anthropology: “Beyond Nature and Culture”, by Philippe Descola.
How could you forget it ?
Where are the books of Leslie White?
I think White was abandoned – even by evolutionists and cultural materialists – by the late ’60s. His framework was too simple-minded to provide much to work with, and couldn’t survive better ethnography and argument. (Kroeber polished him off much earlier in my view, pointing out that his “evolution” was just a blinkered version of a single history.) Anyway, there are several good antidotes. A piece in the New York review some decades ago by Sahlins tackled Marvin Harris (remember him?) under the title “Culture as Protein and Profit”. Same argument works against White. More recent is the work by James Scott (e.g., on How Not to be Governed). His argument, among other things, suggests what a close look at the ecology of SE Asian rice production shows: intensification is generally a formula for producing poor peasants who work harder for less. Why would anyone want to do that? (See also: Stone Age Economics)
Coming to this after seeing the 70 list, and have a couple of comments. One is an observation that a fair number of the books on the latter are enormously influential, but not by anthropologists at all: e.g., Said or Anderson. So perhaps shows the porosity of disciplinary canons. Also what, for me, are startling omissions, including Fabian’s Time and the Other. Am also flabbergasted that Recapturing Anthropology was missed – given the key essays in it by Abu-Lughod, Appadurai, Trouillot and Ortner. How did that slip by?? It would be interesting to revisit this exercise every 5 years or so to see what falls away and what emerges as “must read.”